Department of Surgical Gastroenterology

Surgical Gastroenterology is a specialized branch of surgery that focuses on the surgical management of diseases affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon and rectum), liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Surgeons who specialize in this field are known as Surgical Gastroenterologists.

Patients with complex gastrointestinal conditions that require surgical intervention are typically referred to the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology. The goal is to provide specialized and comprehensive care to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Diagnosis 

The diagnosis in the field of Surgical Gastroenterology involves a thorough evaluation of patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms or conditions that may require surgical intervention. Here are the key steps involved in the diagnosis within Surgical Gastroenterology.

• Clinical Evaluation
  The process begins with a detailed clinical assessment of the patient, which includes a comprehensive medical history, review of symptoms, and a physical examination. The surgeon may inquire about symptoms such as abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, weight loss, and other relevant details.
• Diagnostic Imaging
  Various imaging techniques are employed to visualize the structures of the gastrointestinal tract. Common diagnostic imaging methods include:
  Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Used to assess abdominal and pelvic organs.
  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, including the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts.
  Ultrasound: Helpful for examining the liver, gallbladder, and other abdominal organs.
  Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Combines endoscopy with ultrasound to evaluate the GI tract and adjacent structures.
• Endoscopic Procedures
  Endoscopy is a key diagnostic tool in Surgical Gastroenterology. It involves the use of a flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) to visualize the interior of the digestive tract. Common endoscopic procedures include:
  Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): Examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
  Colonoscopy: Evaluates the entire colon and rectum.
  Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Assesses the bile ducts and pancreatic duct.
  Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Not only diagnostic but also provides information for staging tumors.
• Laboratory Tests
  Blood tests and other laboratory investigations may be conducted to assess liver function, pancreatic enzymes, and other markers that can provide insights into the underlying gastrointestinal conditions.
• Biopsy
  Tissue samples (biopsies) may be obtained during endoscopic procedures or surgeries to analyze the cellular composition of lesions or tumors. This is particularly important for diagnosing cancer and determining the appropriate treatment approach.
• Functional Tests
  In certain cases, functional tests may be conducted to assess the performance of specific organs within the gastrointestinal system. Examples include gastric emptying studies or motility tests for the esophagus.
• Specialized Testing
  Depending on the suspected condition, specialized tests may be ordered. For instance, tests for Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic testing for hereditary gastrointestinal conditions, or tests for autoimmune disorders may be considered.
• Multidisciplinary Consultation
  Surgical Gastroenterologists often work closely with medical gastroenterologists, oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists in a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment planning.